The town of Byblos in Lebanon is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Byblos has been inhabited from the Early Neolithic onwards. Throughout its history the city has been many things, amongst others: an Egyptian colony, an Assyrian tributary, placed under Hellenistic rule, and part of a Crusader state. Some of the archaeological sites of Byblos that are still visible today are ruins belonging to Greek and Roman period, and a Crusader castle. The ancient town of Byblos was said to have been founded by the Titan Kronos, and is connected to the history and the spread of the Phoenician alphabet. Pierre Montet was the first to start excavating Byblos in 1921. He excavated the site until 1924, after which Maurice Dunand started excavating. He would excavate in Byblos for over 40 years. The Schultz pictures of Byblos weren’t dated. The pictures in the collection that were dated were taken in the late sixties to the early seventies, which indicate the Byblos pictures could possibly have been taken during that time period. Some of the archaeological features that can be seen in the pictures from the Schultz collection are the Temple of the Obelisk and remnants of the Temple of Jupiter.
Picture of some re-purposed storage jars in Byblos. On the right you can see the southwestern tower of the Byblos citadel and in the background you can see some pillars (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1918, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins of a building in the ancient city of Byblos. Photographer facing west (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1917, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)L shaped temple of Byblos, photographer facing south, built in the 3rd millennium BCE. Around it are other ruins of the ancient city and in the background we see the modern city of Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1739, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A wider shot of the Temple of the Obelisks, showing the steps and multiple obelisks (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1594, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Temple of the Obelisks. The angle is close to the ground, facing upwards. Steps lead up to the temple where obelisks are standing. A man is laying across a block (broken obelisk?) standing in the center (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1593, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Temple of the Obelisks. Exact location unknown. The picture shows seven obelisks at the Temple of the Obelisks. Remnants of walls are visible to the front and behind them (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1592, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Many tents (Bedouin or refugee camp?) are placed all along the slope of a hill. On top of the hill are the remnants of a building (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1587, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A white sarcophagus (compare with cSchultzpByblos1547). It is decorated with a man and a woman on the lid, lying on their sides. The resting hands and the head of the man are missing. The side of the sarcophagus are decorated with men in different position and horses (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1548, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A white sarcophagus in the foreground and an arch in the background (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1547, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Sarcofagi (coffins?) are visible stacked on structures (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1545, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Structures and columns at Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1544, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Near Byblos Castle. Exact location unknown. A close up of the holes (compare with cSchultzpByblos1529) (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1531, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Parts of a wall and a structure are visible (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1530, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Near Byblos Citadel. Exact location unknown. Parts of a wall with holes in front of it are visible, with the citadel of Byblos in the background (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1529, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)In the picture an excavation in progress at the temple of Baalat Gebal (Lady of Byblos) can be seen (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1528, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Excavated pottery and other artefacts at the excavation in Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1527, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)The archaeological site in ancient Byblos. The picture is taken in front of pillar in a northwestern direction. In the picture pillars are visible from the ancient part of Byblos. Byblos is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and connected to the diffusion of the Phoenician Alphabet (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1526, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins and columns at Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1320, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A Bedouin camp or refugee camp. A ruin in the background (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1319, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A Bedouin camp or refugee camp. A ruin in the background (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1318, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A Bedouin camp or refugee camp (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1317, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins and columns at Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1316, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)A Bedouin camp or refugee camp (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1315, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins at Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1314, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)An arch and ruins with a garden in front of it (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1313, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)This is the Byblos Crusader Castle, before excavation and reconstruction of the towers and walls currently surrounding it (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1309, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Picture taken from next to the Crusader Castle towards the Mediterranean sea (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1307, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins of the Temple of the Obelisks at Byblos, dating to 1600-1200 BCE. The obelisks functioned as religious offerings. Many bronze human figurines were found here (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1294, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)This is Byblos Castle, a Crusader castle, before reconstruction of the four towers that now surround it. It was originally built in the 12th century from limestone and Roman ruins (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1293, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Arch at ruins in Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1292, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Four archaeologists at work in Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1286, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins at Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1285, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)Ruins at Byblos (1960s-1970s, ID: cSchultzpByblos1283, Source: slide, Repository: NPAPH-project, Creator: Arnold C. Schultz)
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